Report of Health Care
Volume:2 Issue: 4, Autumn 2016

The use of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory supplements is important in improving the function of obese people. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks aerobic training with ginger consumption on the levels of IL-18 and CRP in obese men. 40 men (mean ± SD: age 23.9 ± 5.90 years old, weight 87.61 ± 4.69 kg and BMI 32.69 ± 3.25 kg / m2) were randomly selected and divided into four groups of 10, including 1- aerobic training, 2- training with ginger consumption, 3-ginger consumption, 4-control. The first and second groups, had 12 weeks, 3 sessions per week and 40 minutes each session aerobic training selections with an intensity of 65%MHR; during this period, the second and third groups received one gram of ginger capsule daily and the control group received no intervention. Blood samples were taken before and after the study period. Paired sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis (p≤0.05). There was a significant difference in IL-18 and CRP before and after exercise in all three experimental groups (p≤0.05).. Also, the results of the bonferroni post hoc test showed a significant difference in the level of IL-18 and CRP in the Reaserch groups. The highest decrease in these variables was observed in the aerobic training group and training with ginger consumption group (p≤0.05). Ginger supplementation with aerobic training seems to be a suitable method for reducing IL-18 and CRP and preventing metabolic, cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases in obese men.

Football match is an interval sport, with intense explosive attempts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a bout of high- intensity interval exercise on muscle injury markers in male soccer players. Nineteen male soccer players with mean age: years; BMI: 21.80±2.44 kg.m-2 and VO2max 62.16±4.89 ml.kg-1.min-1 were selected purposefully and divided randomly into experimental and control groups. Copenhagen football test was taken from experimental group and control group had no activity at that time. 24 hours before and after the test, blood samples were drawn from all subjects to assay creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Data were analyzed using independent sample and paired sample t-tests (p≤0.05). The results showed that serum CK (p=0.001) and LDH (p=0.021) levels increased significantly after the Copenhagen football protocol. intense interval sports activities, such as what happens in a football match, result in muscle damage in the players. Therefore, such exercises can be used for football players adaptation for the tournament and reduce the recovery time after that. Observing the increased markers of muscular damage due to Copenhagen soccer protocol, indicates that intensive interval exercise like whatever occurs in a soccer match, may lead to muscular damages in players.

Happiness and feeling of happiness in true sense are the human's innate needs. The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between optimism and happiness with general health among staff of the University of Medical Sciences in North Khorasan in 2015. This is an applied research since it explores the relationships between the variables in the status quo explicitly, as well as a descriptive and one-sectional correlational study. The statistical population of this research consisted of all staff members of the North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, based on the Morgan table from 350 university staff members, 180 people were selected as the statistical sample. Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, Moghimi Optimism Questionnaire, and Goldberg and Hiller's General Health Questionnaire were used to measure the variables of optimism, happiness and general health. The validity of the tools was a kind of content that had already been confirmed by the professors and experts, and its reliability was calculated 91%, 85% and 93% respectively using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics of variance analysis, multiple regression test and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS 20 software (p≤0.05). There is a negative relationship between general health with happiness (p=0.001), satisfaction with life (p=0.003), enjoyment of life (p=0.001), satisfaction (p=0.001), control and self-efficacy (p=0.001), optimism (p=0.001), optimism of employees (p=0.001), optimism culture (p=0.003), optimism in purposefulness (p=0.001) and optimism in individual performance (p=0.001). It can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between optimism and happiness with general health in North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences.

Addressing physical activities is one of the important pillars of the health management of patients with breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Pilates training on isoprostane, fasting glucose and body composition in women with breast cancer. In this quasi-experimental study, 24 women with breast cancer who referred to health and therapy centers and private clinics of Shiraz were selected and divided into two groups: Pilates training and control. Pilates training group performed exercises for 10 weeks, 3 sessions per week and 60 minutes each session. The control group performed only their daily activities during this period. Blood sampling and physical examination were performed before and after the training period. For statistical analysis of data Kolmogorov- Smirnov, paired sample t-test and independent sample t- tests (p≤0.05) were used. The results showed that ten weeks of pilates training had no significant effect on isoprostane (p=0.35), weight (p=0.09), body mass index (p=0.09) and WHR (p=0.07) in women with breast cancer. Also, Pilates training had a significant effect on the reduction of fasting glucose (p=0.03) in women with breast cancer. According to the findings of the present study, although 10-week Pilates training are not effective in improving the isoprostane and body composition of women with breast cancer, it can improve the fasting glucose in these patients.

Inflammation is a feature of the diabetes disease. The aim this study was to determine the effects of eight weeks swimming training on Interleukin- 17 (IL-17), Interleukin- 18 (IL-18) and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

In this experimental study, 30 diabetic rats were accidentally divided into two equal groups of 15: swimming training and control. The rats in the swimming training group swam for eight weeks, three sessions per week; in the first two weeks for 10 minutes and six weeks later for 30 minutes. The control group rats had no sports activity. 24 hours after the last training session, the rats were sacrificed to measure the parameters in the study. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 19 and paired sample t-test (p≤0.05).

eight weeks of swimming training had no significant effect on reduction of IL-17 (p = 0.30), IL-18 (p = 0.41) and TNF-α (p = 0.81) in diabetic rats.

it can be concluded that the present training has no significant effect on inflammatory factors in diabetic rats.

Heart is the second major component in the cardiovascular system that is affected by training. The aim of this study was to compare the cardiac structure and function of three groups of swimmers, weightlifters and non-athletes. The study was a causal comparative research. The statistical sample consisted of three groups of 10 including swimmers, weightlifters and non-athletes. Athletes were the elite swimming and weightlifting volunteers who participated voluntarily in this study. Inclusion criteria for athletes included a history of at least 5 years of regular exercise. After selecting the statistical samples, all participants took part in the echo-heart test in which they were given Color Doppler M-Mode echocardiography with coordination of an echocardiologist. For data analysis one way ANOVA and bonferroni test post hoc tests were used. The p-value was defined as p ≤ 0.05. The results showed that LVIDs in the swimmers had a significant decrease (p = 0.01) compared to both weightlifters (p = 0.03) and non-athletes (p =0.02). However, there was no significant difference between weightlifters and non-athletes (p = 0.88).The results also revealed a significant increase in interventricular septal end diastole (IVSd) in the weightlifters compared to the swimmers (p = 0.02) and non-athletes (p = 0.02). There was no significant difference between left ventricular internal diameter in diastole (LVIDd) (p= 0.23), left ventricular mass index (LVMI) (p = (0.70), left atrium dimensions (LAD) (p = 0.06), aortic root dimension (ARD) (p= 0.96), left ventricular posterior wall dimensions (LVPWD) (p = 0.17), heart rate (HR) (p = 0.80) and ejection fraction (EF) (p = 0.66) in the swimmers and weightlifters. Different changes in the cardiac structure and function of the swimmers and weightlifters are considered as physiological adjustments, and not cardiomyopathy. On the other hand, despite the different effects of strength and endurance exercises on the structure of the heart muscle, it seems that the cardiac performance of the athletes in the two disciplines are the same.

Many studies have shown that social interactions resulting from participation in physical activities lead to an optimal state of self-esteem. The findings of previous research on gender differences regarding this factor, however, have not been consistent. In an attempt to fill this gap, this study is designed to investigate the effect of physical activity and gender on students' self-esteem in Shiraz University.

Random-Comparative method was employed to conduct this research. Population included all undergraduate students of Shiraz University. Participants were selected through random cluster sampling. 332 students filled out a Cooper Smith and Colleague’s Questionnaire and the scores of 218 of them were analyzed. Two-way analysis of variance was administered for the analysis (P≤0.05).

The results conveyed that the major impact of gender (P=0.05) and physical activity (P=0.02) on self-esteem were both significant. Active students had higher self-esteem compared to inactive ones (P=0.02) and the self-esteem scores of female students were higher than male students (P=0.05).

The results of this research indicate that participation in physical activities may improve the self- esteem of bachelor students studying in Shiraz University. Furthermore, the analysis of the results showed that female students enjoyed higher self- esteem.

There are three types of adipose tissue in the human body: white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige or Brite adipose tissue. In WAT, energy reserves in the form of triglyceride, while in BAT triglyceride molecules lipolyze for thermogenesis through fatty acid oxidation. A protein called uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) is responsible for non-shivering thermogenesis in BAT. The most important activators of BAT include peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), sympathetic nervous system (SNS), hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis (HPT axis), endothelium, atrial natriuretic peptides, irisin, β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and interleukin-6 (IL6) that generally exert their effects through stimulation of UCP1 expression and activity. Beige adipose are among white adipose and elevation of UCP1 gene expression is the main cause of their production that atrial natriuretic peptides, PGC1α, irisin, FGF21 and BAIBA are the most stimulators of this transformation. The role of exercise in the stimulation of BAT and transformation of WAT to Brite is discussed in this study.